A Smartphone App for Supporting the Self-management of Daytime Urinary Incontinence in Adolescents: Development and Formative Evaluation Study of URApp
BackgroundDaytime urinary incontinence (UI) is common in childhood and often persists into adolescence.UI in adolescence is associated with a range of adverse outcomes, including depressive symptoms, peer victimization, poor self-image, and problems with peer relationships.The first-line conservative treatment for UI is bladder training (standard u